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A Deep Blue Grasshopper
Paper
written for the 5th Mark Powell Conference, Scottish Post-Graduate
Philosophy Association, University of Stirling, UK, January
2002.
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This
paper seeks to elucidate weaknesses within the philosophy
of artificial intelligence (AI) in an attempt to work towards
a more holistic understanding about what kind of knowledge
satisfies the conditions of intelligence. It begins by articulating
the development of AI research, clarifying the implications
of the work of Turing (1950) and Searle (1980). From here,
a background is given of the development of artificial life
(AL), and the notion of game-playing is introduced as a
construct for revealing intelligence capabilities. The game
of chess is recognised as having been paradigmatic in AI
as a measure of machines against humans, with IBM’s Deep
Blue being the critical machine to provoke a sense of machines
surpassing humans. When Deep Blue beat the Grand Master
chess player Garry Kasparov in 1997, the world would sit
back and contemplate whether machines are too capable. In
response, the paper rejects chess-playing as a sufficient
indication of intelligence in the strong sense and argues
that other kinds of games serve as a greater challenge and
a more accurate reflection of human intelligence. From this,
Bernard Suits’s classic philosophy text, The Grasshopper,
is used to elaborate on what it entails to play a game.
The Deep Blue Grasshopper is thus, a game-playing AI machine
that responds to a broader notion of game-playing. This
notion encompasses the possibility for creativity, spontaneity,
and arbitrary choices that lead to successful strategic
options. The paper concludes with a critique of the possibility
of there being non-linear intelligence that can sustain
the main thesis of the paper.
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art&design // bioethics // china // cyberculture // ethics // law // medicine // olympics // outer space // politics // public engagement with science // science // sport // technology

Miah, A. (2008, Oct) 17 Days in Beiing, Centre for Olympic Studies, Barcelona.
Miah, A. (2008, Aug 3) Enhance Athletes: It's Only Natural, Washington Post.
Miah, A. (2008, July 31) Inside the Mind of a Marathon man, Nature, 454, 583-4.
Miah, A. (2008) Paralympics 2.0, Bioethics Forum, The Hastings Center.
Miah, A. (2008) Letter to Utopia: A Reply to Bostrom, Studies in Ethics, Law and Technology, 2(1).
Miah, A. (2008) Engineering Greater Resilience or Radical Transhuman Enhancement, Studies in Ethics, Law and Technology, 2(1).

Liverpool, UK i (30 Oct, 2008)
Book launch: Human Futures, and BBC Radio 3 Free Thinking Festival.
London, UK i (14 Oct, 2008)
BioCentre 2008 series: "People Power for the Third Millennium: Technology, Democracy and Human Rights, Symposoium on "Arts and Technology: the role of the arts in democratic policy making".
Glasgow, Scotland i (30 Sept, 2008)
Our Cultural & Moral Commitment to Discover, Create, and Support New Life Forms, for LESS REMOTE: The Futures of Space Exploration: an Arts & Humanities Symposium, International Astronautical Congress, SEC, Glasgow, Scotland [abstract]
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Miah, A. (2008) Human Futures: Art in an Age of Uncertainty, FACT & Liverpool University Press.
Miah, A. (2008) Justifying Human Enhancement: The Accumulation of Biocultural Capital. In: Wint, S. Ethical Futures. The Royal Society for the Encouragement of the Arts (RSA), London.
Miah, A. (2008) Playing Games with Artificial Intelligence. Hale, B. (Ed) Philosophy Looks at Chess . Open Court Press.
Miah, A. (2008). Posthumanism: A Critical History. In Gordijn, B. & Chadwick, R. 'Medical Enhancements and Posthumanity. Springer.
Miah, A. (2008) 'Blessed are the Forgetful': The Ethics of Memory Modification in Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. In Shapshay, S. (Ed) Bioethics Through Film, Johns Hopkins University Press.
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Stein, D.J. (2008) Philosophy of Psychopharmacology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p.118.
More, P. (2008) Enhancing Me: The Hope and the Hype of Human Enhancement. John Wiley & Sons, p.249.
Christian Lenk, Nils Hoppe & Roberto Andorno (2007) Ethics and Law of Intellectual Property: Current Problems in Politics, Science and Technology (Applied Legal Philosophy), Ashgate, p.84.
Zwart, N. H. (2007). "Genomics and self-knowledge: implications for societal research and debate." New Genetics and Society 26(2): 181-202.
Mitchell, C. B., E. D. Pellegrino, et al. (2007). Biotechnology and the Human Good. Washington, DC., Georgetown University Press.
Peters, H. P., J. T. Lang, et al. (2007). "Culture and Technological Innovation: Impact of Institutional Trust and Appreciation of Nature on Attitudes towards Food Biotechnology in the USA and Germany." International Journal of Public Opinion Research 19(2): 191-220.
House of Commons Select Committee, Science And Technology (2007) Report on Human Enhancement Technologies in Sport.
Koolstra CM, Bos MJW, Vermeulen IE. Through which medium should science information professionals communicate with the public: television or the internet? Journal of Science Communication 2006;5(3):1-8.

Oct, 2008
The Independent, Visionaries feature
Aug, 2008
ITN News,
The Telegraph,
Evening Standard,
Washington Post,
May, 2008
The technological enhancement of man, Danish Broadcasting Corporation
April, 2008
Evening Standard
Beijing 2008 Olympics and Protest
March, 2008
The Sports Factor, ABC Radio, Blogging at the Beijing Olympics
Feb, 2008
ESPN Magazine.
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London, UK i (14 Oct, 2008)
BioCentre 2008 series: "People Power for the Third Millennium: Technology, Democracy and Human Rights, Symposoium on "Arts and Technology: the role of the arts in democratic policy making". |
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Glasgow, Scotland i (30 Sept, 2008)
Our Cultural & Moral Commitment to Discover, Create, and Support New Life Forms, for LESS REMOTE: The Futures of Space Exploration: an Arts & Humanities Symposium, International Astronautical Congress, SEC, Glasgow, Scotland [abstract] |
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Oxford, Scotland i (29 Sept, 2008)
Workshop on Innovative Media for the Digital Economy, Oxford E-Research Centre, Oxford University |
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Beijing, China c (5 Aug, 2008)
Chair and Speaker for panel symposium on Emergent Journalistic Cultures at the Olympics [outline] |
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Olympia, Greece i (20 July, 2008)
Supervising Professor, International Olympic Acadmy 16th Postgraduate Seminar [Lecture Outlines]. |
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Leeds, UK c (16 July, 2008)
Ambush Media: Journalistic Freedom & Media Politics at the Beijing Olympics, Olympic Politics and Protest, Leeds Metropolitan University [abstract]. |
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London, UK ia (4 July, 2008)
Research Cluster on Innovative Media for a Digital Economy: Health Industries Workshop, British Medical Association House. |
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Liverpool, UK i (July, 2008)
Keynote, Body & Economy, London 2012 Cultural Olympiad, FACT. |
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Chicago , USA ia (Jun, 2008)
2016 Olympic Bid conference, the contribution of the arts. |
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